However, God has a much different view. [155] Still others are connected to different phases of the agricultural cycle, the moon, and the sun. Let's look at some of the best-known Gods and Goddesses of the Norse Pantheon. [123] Thus it should be more carefully categorised as a Neopagan religion. Here is a collection of some of the best known gods and goddesses of modern Paganism, as well as some tips on how to make offerings to them and interact with them. [122], Establishing precise figures on Paganism is difficult. Adherents look for elements of this mythological history in "theological, anthropological, archaeological, historical, folkloric and hagiographic writings". [168] In April 1996 a larger conference dealing with contemporary Paganism took place at Ambleside in the Lake District. Most modern pagan religions existing today (Modern or Neopaganism) express a world view that is pantheistic, polytheistic or … She noted that there are those who would argue that "the Pagan community is one of the only spiritual communities that is exploring humor, joy, abandonment, even silliness and outrageousness as valid parts of spiritual experience". One principle of the Pagan movement is polytheism, the belief in and veneration of multiple gods or goddesses. [164] For instance, Strmiska highlighted instances in both the US and UK in which school teachers were fired when their employers discovered that they were Pagan. Religious studies scholar Sarah Pike asserted that there was a "significant overlap" between the two religious movements,[153] while Aidan A. Kelly stated that Paganism "parallels the New Age movement in some ways, differs sharply from it in others, and overlaps it in some minor ways". It delivers the ideas from people who walk and live the pathway. Posted by. [169], The relationship between Pagan studies scholars and some practising Pagans has at times been strained. [131] A similar number was claimed by Victor Schnirelmann, for whom between a quarter and a half of the Mari either worship the Pagan gods or are adherents of Neopagan groups. Many Pagans are involved in environmental efforts and many are animal lovers. A neopagan movement drawing from various syncretic practices that had survived among the Christianised Mari people was initiated in 1990,[133] and was estimated in 2004 to have won the adherence of 2% of the Mordvin people. In the 1970s, Wicca was notably influenced by feminism, leading to the creation of an eclectic, Goddess-worshipping movement known as Dianic Wicca. Modern Heathenry: A Study of the Modern Worship of Norse and Germanic Gods Published December 3, 2013 by Paige This is a paper I wrote for my Mythology and Civilization class. I’m an Arab and I worship the pre-islamic Arab deities as my gods. Roman gods fulfilled different functions corresponding to various aspects of life. This female-only, radical feminist variant of Wicca allows cisgender lesbians but not transgender women. They are modern people with a great reverence for the spirituality of the past, making a new religion – a modern Paganism – from the remnants of the past, which they interpret, adapt, and modify according to modern ways of thinking. The gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt were a complex group of beings and ideas. [38] Such ethnic Paganisms have variously been seen as responses to concerns about foreign colonizing ideologies, globalization, cosmopolitanism, and anxieties about cultural erosion. Despite the fact that our modern-day image of Father Christmas has largely been shaped by a 1930s Coca-Cola advertising campaign, he most definitely has Pagan roots. [85], — William Wordsworth, "The World Is Too Much with Us", lines 9-14, The origins of modern Paganism lie in the romanticist and national liberation movements that developed in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. Some Pagans believe the universe is god. Posted by. Article excerpt. The publications of studies into European folk customs and culture by scholars like Johann Gottfried Herder and Jacob Grimm resulted in a wider interest in these s… Wicca is a unique Pagan religion in that we really don’t have our own pantheon of Gods. [43] They often follow scholarly debates about the nature of such pre-Christian religions, and some reconstructionists are themselves scholars. [94] [17], Some practitioners eschew the term "Pagan" altogether, preferring the more specific name of their religion, such as Heathen or Wiccan. [39][40], Although they acknowledged that it was "a highly simplified model", Aitamurto and Simpson wrote that there was "some truth" to the claim that leftist-oriented forms of Paganism were prevalent in North America and the British Isles while rightist-oriented forms of Paganism were prevalent in Central and Eastern Europe. [73], Animism was also a concept common to many pre-Christian European religions, and in adopting it, contemporary Pagans are attempting to "reenter the primeval worldview" and participate in a view of cosmology "that is not possible for most Westerners after childhood". [157] Further, the New Age movement shows little interest in magic and witchcraft, which are conversely core interests of many Pagan religions, such as Wicca. [α] By the mid-1930s "Neopagan" was being applied to new religious movements like Jakob Wilhelm Hauer's German Faith Movement and Jan Stachniuk's Polish Zadruga, usually by outsiders and often pejoratively. Information about man's need to connect with the Divine comes to us from China, India, and all over the globe. They might seem hokey or outlandish, but maybe, just maybe, they’re the ones who have it all figured out. The European Congress of Ethnic Religions has made efforts to establish mutual support with Hindu groups, as has the Lithuanian Romuva movement. Contemporary Paganism r/ pagan. The Australian Bureau of Statistics classifies Paganism as an affiliation under which several sub-classifications may optionally be specified. "[12], Discussing the relationship between the different Pagan religions, religious studies scholars Kaarina Aitamurto and Scott Simpson wrote that they were "like siblings who have taken different paths in life but still retain many visible similarities". The rise of modern paganism - and the persistence of the real thing. One of the most notable of these is Dianic Wicca. [29] In 2015, Rountree stated that this lower case/upper case division was "now [the] convention" in Pagan studies. There are literally thousands of different deities out there in the Universe, and which ones you choose to honor will often depend significantly upon what pantheon your spiritual path follows. [86] At the time, it was commonly believed that almost all such folk customs were survivals from the pre-Christian period. The church encouraged pagans to view their gods as ‘saints’ or ‘angels’ rather than actual deities. Some modern forms of Paganism have their roots in 19th century C.E. Regarding to European paganism, In Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives Michael F. Strmiska writes that "in Pagan magazines, websites, and Internet discussion venues, Christianity is frequently denounced as an antinatural, antifemale, sexually and culturally repressive, guilt-ridden, and authoritarian religion that has fostered intolerance, hypocrisy, and persecution throughout the world. Learn Religions uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. [159], In India, a prominent figure who made similar efforts was the Hindu revivalist Ram Swarup, who pointed out parallels between Hinduism and European and Arabic paganism. [125] Combined statistics from Western nations put Pagans well over one million worldwide. Butler, Jenny, "Irish neo-paganism". [148] She went on to remark that she had encountered pagans in jobs that ranged from "fireman to PhD chemist" but that the one thing that she thought made them into an "elite" was as avid readers, something that she found to be very common within the pagan community despite the fact that avid readers constituted less than 20% of the general population of the United States at the time. [87], The Romantic movement of the 18th century led to the re-discovery of Old Gaelic and Old Norse literature and poetry. [8] The category of modern Paganism could be compared to the categories of Abrahamic religion and Indian religions in its structure. [60], One principle of the Pagan movement is polytheism, the belief in and veneration of multiple gods or goddesses. Go home": A Revival of Neo-Paganism between the Baltic Sea and Transcaucasia. The Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans, or CUUPs, encourages its chapters to "use practices familiar to members who attend for worship services but not to follow only one tradition of paganism". [81], The belief in magical rituals and spells is held by a "significant number" of contemporary Pagans. [91], In the 1920s Margaret Murray theorized that a secret underground religion had survived the witchcraft prosecutions enacted by the ecclesiastical and secular courts. (2) Thor – Thor is the ruler of the sky. In some Modern Pagan groups, the gods and goddesses are believed to exist in a community, very much like the human community of this mortal realm. So the question arises, then, of what to offer them? There tends to be some question about what, exactly, is the right offering to make to the gods or goddesses of one's tradition, and how we should honor them when making those offerings. share. Many of the deities found in Germanic paganism appeared under similar names across the Germanic peoples, most notably the god known to the Germans as Wodan, to the Anglo-Saxons as Woden, and to the Norse as Odin, as well as the god known to the Germans as Donar, to the Anglo-Saxons as Þunor and to the Norse as Thor . Paganism has … These figures were not released as a matter of course by the Office for National Statistics, but were released after an application by the Pagan Federation of Scotland. Concern has also been expressed regarding the utility of the term "reconstructionism" when dealing with Paganisms in Central and Eastern Europe, because in many of the languages of these regions, equivalents of the term "reconstructionism" – such as the Czech Historická rekonstrukce and Lithuanian Istorinė rekonstrukcija – are already used to define the secular hobby of historical re-enactment. Hanegraaff suggested that whereas various forms of contemporary Paganism were not part of the New Age movement – particularly those who pre-dated the movement – other Pagan religions and practices could be identified as New Age. Hinduism and Buddhism are even under the Pagan umbrella as they are not part of the Abrahamic religion triad. [citation needed]. [145], Many pagans in North America encounter the movement through their involvement in other hobbies; particularly popular with US Pagans are "golden age"-type pastimes such as the Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA), Star Trek fandom, Doctor Who fandom and comic book fandom. The “Old Ways” You may hear modern Pagans say they follow the “old ways”. 'Our Gods and Goddesses Are Closer to Us' How modern pagans are reviving the polytheistic religions of the ancient Greeks, Druids, Egyptians, and other civilizations. Pagan Beliefs. [34], For some Pagan groups, ethnicity is central to their religion, and some restrict membership to a single ethnic group. Devotees believed in 12 anthropomorphic gods — you remember Aphrodite, Hades, and their peers — under one almighty god, … [151], — Religious studies scholar Sarah Pike. [62] Pagans feel that this understanding of the gods reflected the dynamics of life on Earth, allowing for the expression of humour. Old Norse Paganism is a modern Norse religious community and organization, also known as ONP, seeks to improve the religious well-being and Is to provide a home to like-minded people in order to continue making a difference, as inspired by the myths, traditions, practices, and Gods/Goddesses of the Norse. This is due to Dianic belief in gender essentialism; according to founder Zsuzsanna Budapest, "you have to have sometimes [sic] in your life a womb, and ovaries and [mensturate] and not die". This belief and the way it is expressed is often denounced as transphobia and trans-exclusionary radical feminism. With the growth and spread of large, pagan gatherings and festivals in the 1980s, public varieties of Wicca continued to further diversify into additional, eclectic sub-denominations, often heavily influenced by the New Age and counter-culture movements. Paganism generally emphasizes the sanctity of the Earth and Nature. [78] In order to induce such altered states of consciousness, pagans utilize such elements as drumming, visualization, chanting, singing, dancing, and meditation. [134], A study by Ronald Hutton compared a number of different sources (including membership lists of major UK organizations, attendance at major events, subscriptions to magazines, etc.) [97], Adherents of the Goddess Spirituality movement typically envision a history of the world that is different from traditional narratives about the past, emphasising the role of women rather than that of men. [14] On the eclectic side has been placed Wicca, Thelema, Adonism, Druidry, the Goddess Movement, Discordianism and the Radical Faeries. 6. Read preview. During and after the Middle Ages, the term paganism was applied to any unfamiliar religion, and the term presumed a belief in false god(s). Swarup reached out to modern Pagans in the West. Modern paganism is on an exponential rise and is now found in all religions. The Australian academic and practising Pagan Caroline Jane Tully argues that many Pagans can react negatively to new scholarship regarding historical pre-Christian societies, believing that it is a threat to the structure of their beliefs and to their "sense of identity". While reconnecting with ancient wisdom, it speaks eloquently to the needs and concerns of the present. Old Norse Paganism is a modern Norse religious community and organization, also known as ONP, seeks to improve the religious well-being and Is to provide a home to like-minded people in order to continue making a difference, as inspired by the myths, traditions, practices, and Gods/Goddesses of the Norse. As this secret wisdom can almost always be traced to recent sources, tellers of these stories have often later admitted they made them up. Instead, she argued that "in most cases", converts first become interested in the movement through "word of mouth, a discussion between friends, a lecture, a book, an article or a Web site". [18] To avoid causing offense, many scholars in the English-speaking world have begun using the prefixes "modern" or "contemporary" rather than "neo". [98], Heathenism, also known as Germanic Neopaganism, refers to a series of contemporary Pagan traditions based on the historical religions, culture and literature of Germanic-speaking Europe. As Ukraine struggles to find its national identity, modern Ukrainian Pagans offer an alternative vision of the Ukrainian nation. [85], A smaller number is suggested by the results of the 2001 Census, in which a question about religious affiliation was asked for the first time. 'Greek' Wicca, Greco-Wicca or 'Hellenistic' Wicca. A number of Wiccan, pagan and even some Traditionalist or Tribalist groups have a history of Grandmother Stories – typically involving initiation by a Grandmother, Grandfather, or other elderly relative who is said to have instructed them in the secret, millennia-old traditions of their ancestors. I can be honest about this religion this is not about racism but, Arab polytheism works in a different way so, I’m not following “neo-pagan” point of view. These pagan currents coincided with Romanticist interest in folklore and occultism, the widespread emergence of pagan themes in popular literature, and the rise of nationalism. The Bible reveals that the “god of this age” (2 Corinthians 4:3–4) is Satan the devil—an entity most modern pagans do not believe even exists. [58], Beliefs and practices vary widely among different Pagan groups; however, there are a series of core principles common to most, if not all, forms of modern paganism. [69], A key part of most Pagan worldviews is the holistic concept of a universe that is interconnected. What does this mean, exactly? BBC Homepage. Goddess Spirituality revolves around the sacredness of the female form, and of aspects of women's lives that adherents say have been traditionally neglected in Western society, such as menstruation, sexuality and maternity. Keep in mind that the idea of right or appropriate worship is not about someone telling you what's "right or wrong." [86] The publications of studies into European folk customs and culture by scholars like Johann Gottfried Herder and Jacob Grimm resulted in a wider interest in these subjects and a growth in cultural self-consciousness. George Watson MacGregor Reid founded the Druid Order in its current form in 1909. [93] The 1979 publication of Margot Adler's Drawing Down the Moon and Starhawk's The Spiral Dance opened a new chapter in public awareness of paganism. Many Neopagans adhere to the definition of magic provided by Aleister Crowley, the founder of Thelema: "the Science and Art of causing change to occur in conformity with Will". Regardless, at some point, you're going to have to sit and sort them all out. [28] Several Pagan studies scholars, such as Ronald Hutton and Sabina Magliocco, have emphasized the use of the upper-case "Paganism" to distinguish the modern movement from the lower-case "paganism", a term commonly used for pre-Christian belief systems. Zordon or some shit. "The Viking Revival" by Professor Andrew Wawn. [103], Some Unitarian Universalists are eclectic pagans. In the first case, there is a deeply felt need to connect with the past as a source of spiritual strength and wisdom; in the second case, there is the idealistic hope that a spirituality of nature can be gleaned from ancient sources and shared with all humanity. Today the followers of the Chuvash Traditional Religion are called "the true Chuvash". [137], According to Helen A. Berger's 1995 survey "The Pagan Census", most American Pagans are middle-class, educated, and live in urban/suburban areas on the East and West coasts. [120], The Chuvash people, a Turkic ethnic group, native to an area stretching from the Volga Region to Siberia, have experienced a Pagan revival since the fall of the Soviet Union, under the name Vattisen Yaly (Chuvash: Ваттисен йӑли, Tradition of the Old). As a result such information is provided by religious institutions and other third-party statistical organisations. Bear in mind that despite the reciprocal nature of our relationship with the divine, it's not a matter of "I'm offering you this stuff so you'll grant my wish." [18] He suggests that part of the term's appeal lay in the fact that a large proportion of Pagan converts were raised in Christian families, and that by embracing the term "pagan", a word long used for what was "rejected and reviled by Christian authorities", a convert summarizes "in a single word his or her definitive break" from Christianity. [56], Dennis D. Carpenter noted that the belief in a pantheistic or panentheistic deity has led to the idea of interconnectedness playing a key part in pagans' worldviews. [135], In the 2011 Australian census, 32083 respondents identified as Pagan. Both masculine and feminine deities have light and dark aspects. It's more along the lines of "I honor you and respect you, so I'm giving you this stuff to show you how much I appreciate your intervention on my behalf." In modern Pagan religions, people often feel drawn towards many of the ancient gods. [85] English esotericist Gerald Gardner was at the forefront of the burgeoning Wiccan movement. [74], All Pagan movements place great emphasis on the divinity of nature as a primary source of divine will, and on humanity's membership of the natural world, bound in kinship to all life and the Earth itself. American pagans practice a variety of forms of traditions, but the most popular are Celtic, Greco-Roman, Native American, ancient Egyptian, and Norse. [36] Some such groups feel a particular affinity for the pre-Christian belief systems of a particular region with which they have no ethnic link because they see themselves as reincarnations of people from that society. [49] While Wicca is identified as an eclectic form of Paganism,[50] Strmiska also notes that some Wiccans have moved in a more reconstructionist direction by focusing on a particular ethnic and cultural link, thus developing such variants as Norse Wicca and Celtic Wicca. [96], Goddess Spirituality, which is also known as the Goddess movement, is a Pagan religion in which a singular, monotheistic Goddess is given predominance. He also had an influence on Western converts to Hinduism, notably David Frawley and Koenraad Elst, who both have described Hinduism as a form of paganism. [87] [162] Some Pagans has claimed that Christian authorities have never apologized for the religious displacement of Europe's pre-Christian belief systems, particularly following the Roman Catholic Church's apology for past anti-semitism in its A Reflection on the Shoah. Mari fled here from forced Christianization in the 17th to 19th centuries. [47] He cites the example of Dievturība, a form of reconstructionist Paganism that seeks to revive the pre-Christian religion of the Latvian people, by noting that it exhibits eclectic tendencies by adopting a monotheistic focus and ceremonial structure from Lutheranism. Wicca is a unique Pagan religion in that we really don’t have our own pantheon of Gods. [144] They have also been supported by Pagan studies scholar Graham Harvey. Let's talk about the concept of Appropriate Worship. [37] There is greater focus on ethnicity within the Pagan movements in continental Europe than within the Pagan movements in North America and the British Isles. The establishment and growth of the Internet in the 1990s brought rapid growth to these, and other pagan movements. [55], Eclectic Paganism takes an undogmatic religious stance [56] and therefore potentially sees no one as having authority to deem a source apocryphal. Caitlyn Dwyer's article, "Meet the modern-day Pagans who Celebrate the Ancient Gods," describes a revival of the ancient Druid religion in America's Pacific Northwest. Their god is nature. [64] The term pagan was initially used to describe anyone who did not believe in the God of the Bible or follow biblical guidelines. They have also suggested that these could all be included under the rubric of "paganism" or "Paganism". [77], Pagan ritual can take place in both a public and private setting. [10] This perspective has been critiqued, given the lack of core commonalities in issues such as theology, cosmology, ethics, afterlife, holy days, or ritual practices within the Pagan movement. [61] These deities are typically depicted in human form, and are viewed as having human faults. The most common forms Neo-Pagan deities take are the Mother Earth Goddess, the Triple Goddess of the waxing, full, and waning moons, and a duo-form Horned God of the Sun and animal life. The Return of Ancestral Gods: Modern Ukrainian Paganism as an Alternative Vision for a Nation (Volume 2) (McGill-Queen's Studies in the History of Religion) [Lesiv, Mariya] on Amazon.com. However, many modern Pagans and Wiccans describe themselves as eclectic, which means they may honor a god of one tradition beside a goddess of another. Designed primarily for women, Goddess Spirituality revolves around the sacredness of the female form, and of aspects of women's lives that adherents say have been traditionally neglected in Western society, such as menstruation, sexuality and maternity. Though taken from the Greeks, this grouping of 12 gods has pre Hellenic origins, probably in the religions of peoples from the Lycian and Hittite regions … Let's look at the Role of Prayer in Modern Paganism. Some modern Pagan literature prominently features comparative religion involving European and Indian traditions. [46], Strmiska nevertheless notes that this reconstructionist-eclectic division is "neither as absolute nor as straightforward as it might appear". [π], In 2006, there were at least 6804 (1.64‰) Pagans among New Zealand's population of approximately 4 million. The “Old Ways” You may hear modern Pagans say they follow the “old ways”. There are also Pagans who worship no gods at all, but follow a path that honors their ancestors instead. How to worship God. [70] The prominent Reclaiming priestess Starhawk related that a core part of goddess-centred pagan witchcraft was "the understanding that all being is interrelated, that we are all linked with the cosmos as parts of one living organism. [24] Critics have pointed out that such claims would cause problems for analytic scholarship by lumping together belief systems with very significant differences, and that the term would serve modern Pagan interests by making the movement appear far larger on the world stage. These attitudes would also be exported to North America, consider modern Paganism or 'neo-Paganism ' has the Romuva... Worship is not about someone telling you what 's `` right or appropriate worship animal... Are typically balanced out in a church or backyard or forest or at a kitchen table ''! 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