sale, purchase, transfer, or exchange of products, services and/or information, that are conducted using the electronic means and technologies. Since financial transactions are the backbone of e-commerce, if not the entire purpose of it, any hesitation on the part of the customer when it comes to making online payments could spoil the e-commerce … [53] India has an Internet user base of about 460 million as of December 2017. When you decide to invest in an e-commerce website, security should be one of your top concerns. Technologies: Relationship between E-Commerce and Networking, Different Types of Networking for E-Commerce, internet, intranet, EDI Systems. The type of threats include: malicious codes, unwanted programs (ad ware, spyware), phishing, hacking, and cyber vandalism. 6353: Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008", "UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996)", "Australian Competition and Consumer Commission", "Dealing with Businesses Online in Australia", "What to do if thing go wrong in Australia", "Telecommunications Regulations of the People's Republic of China", "Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services", "Did You Know That There Are 4 Types of Ecommerce? For example, UAE has the greatest smartphone penetration of 73.8 percent and has 91.9 percent of its population has access to the internet. Yet, internet penetration is low: 35% in Egypt and 65% in Saudi Arabia. [4] Although the means to carry out, motives for, and targets of a DoS attack may vary, it generally consists of the concerted efforts to prevent an Internet site or service from functioning efficiently or at all, temporarily or indefinitely. However, in the general sense e-commerce is simply referred to online transactions. Amazon, the largest user of boxes, has a strategy to cut back on packing material and has reduced packaging material used by 19 percent by weight since 2016. On the other hand, because e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to customers in time, the warehouse becomes an important element. 2014: US e-commerce and Online Retail sales projected to reach $294 billion, an increase of 12 percent over 2013 and 9% of all retail sales. E-commerce has grown in importance as companies have adopted pure-click and brick-and-click channel systems. The contemporary e-commerce trend recommends companies to shift the traditional business model where focus on "standardized products, homogeneous market and long product life cycle" to the new business model where focus on "varied and customized products". As such, the future trends between GCC countries and the Western countries will be independent of these sanctions (Krings, et al.). Threats of E-Commerce, Cyber Laws. Using Domain Name System (DNS) services, the sender's mail server determines the mail server(s) for the recipient(s). Online financial exchanges for currency exchanges or trading purposes. December 1988. The client then supplies the message. In general, recommender system is used to contact customers online and assist finding the right products they want effectively and directly. In 2013, Brazil's e-commerce was growing quickly with retail e-commerce sales expected to grow at a double-digit pace through 2014. Circuit proxies will forward Network packets (formatted unit of data ) containing a given port number, if the port is permitted by the algorithm. A Message authentication code (MAC) is a cryptography method that uses a secret key to digitally sign a message. It is a portal to report complaints about online and related transactions with foreign companies. [58][59], In 2012, e-commerce sales topped $1 trillion for the first time in history. [75], E-commerce has been cited as a major force for the failure of major U.S. retailers in a trend frequently referred to as a "retail apocalypse. It can be difficult to judge the quality of a product without the physical experience, which may cause customers to experience product or seller uncertainty. On the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. [55][citation needed] The India retail market is expected to rise from 2.5% in 2016 to 5% in 2020.[56]. In India, the Information Technology Act 2000 governs the basic applicability of e-commerce. The PCI Security Standards Council is a global group — whose founding members include American Express, Discover Financial Services, JCB International, MasterCard and Visa Inc. — formed to develop, enhance and maintain security standards for payment account security. The PSR affects firms providing payment services and their customers. Email messages are composed, delivered, and stored in a multiple step process, which starts with the message's composition. [48] e-commerce transactions between China and other countries increased 32% to 2.3 trillion yuan ($375.8 billion) in 2012 and accounted for 9.6% of China's total international trade. [42], Contemporary electronic commerce can be classified into two categories. The growth and development of the two aspects make the GCC countries to become larger players in the electronic commerce market with time progress. The online market is expected to grow by 56% in 2015–2020. [66], E-commerce markets are growing at noticeable rates. Thankfully, there are a variety of steps you can take to help ensure that your business and customer data are protected. Customers will lose his/her faith in e-business if its security is compromised. Wireless Application Protocol: Definition, Hand Held Devices, Mobility & Commerce. Lowry, Paul Benjamin; Wells, Taylor; Moody, Gregory D.; Humpherys, Sean; and Kettles, Degan (2006). In order to give a uniformity to e-commerce law around the world, many countries adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996).[33]. For the information flows, e-commerce optimised the capacity of information processing than companies used to have, and for the financial flows, e-commerce allows companies to have more efficient payment and settlement solutions. [47] The Chinese retailers have been able to help consumers feel more comfortable shopping online. [13][14] Internet resources, such as websites and email, may be secured using multi-factor authentication. Online markets and retailers have to find the best possible way to fill orders and deliver products. E-commerce security is an important managerial and technical issue. Security is the main concern when it comes to e-commerce. This involves the transaction of goods and services, the transfer of funds and the exchange of data. 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