Taraxacum F.H. The Plants Database includes the following 9 species of Taraxacum . You'll get a fun kids wildlife magazine packed…, The Wildlife Trusts: Protecting Wildlife for the Future. [12], The leaves are 5–45 cm (2.0–17.7 in) long and 1–10 cm (0.39–3.94 in) wide, and are oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate in shape, with the bases gradually narrowing to the petiole. In Silesia and other parts of Poland and the world, dandelion flowers are used to make a honey substitute syrup with added lemon (so-called May-honey). There is a Red-seeded Dandelion ( Taraxacum erythrospermum ) that is largely indistinguishable from T. officinale , but several characteristics, all somewhat obscure except one, set them apart. Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. Registered charity number 207238. A study conducted in 2009 noted 'promising' results regarding these diuretic properties, but that further studies would need to be conducted into the plant's efficacy. [25] It is considered a noxious weed in some jurisdictions,[34] and is considered to be a nuisance in residential and recreational lawns in North America. common dandelion genus. These balls are usually called "clocks" in both British and American English. [57], Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, Dandelion flower (left) and ripe fruits (right), 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen. They form deep taproots and the whole plant contains a milky latex sap. It can be both a pioneer species on freshly disturbed soil and a longer-term constituent of established vegetation. It is one of the oldest … [55], Taraxalisin is a serine proteinase found in the latex of dandelion roots. – dandelion. Workmen in the furnaces and potteries of the industrial towns of the Midlands have frequent resource to many of the tonic Herb Beers, finding them cheaper and less intoxicating than ordinary beer, and Dandelion stout ranks as a favourite. Sexual reproduction involves a reduction of the somatic chromosome number by meiosis followed by a restoration of the somatic chromosome number by fertilization. The taxonomy of the genus Taraxacum is complicated by apomictic and polyploid lineages, and the taxonomy and nomenclatural situation of Taraxacum officinale is not yet fully resolved. The calyculi (the cuplike bracts that hold the florets) are composed of 12 to 18 segments: each segment is reflexed and sometimes glaucous. Wigg. [30], Carl Linnaeus named the species Leontodon taraxacum in 1753. Ready 4 Solar. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. The stems can be glabrous or sparsely covered with short hairs. In many lineages, fruits are mostly produced by apomixis,[11] notwithstanding the flowers are visited by many types of insects. Wigg. Plants that have been disseminated or escaped as a result of human activity, and become established somewhere within the United States, Canada or Greenland. [citation needed]. Taraxacum officinale F.H. | Alaska Natural Heritage Program", "The biology of Canadian weeds. [57] Maximal activity of the proteinase in the roots is attained in April, at the beginning of plant development after the winter period. common dandelion scientific name. [14], The taxonomy of the genus Taraxacum is complicated by apomictic and polyploid lineages,[15][16] and the taxonomy and nomenclatural situation of Taraxacum officinale is not yet fully resolved. The specific name officinalis refers to its value as a medicinal herb, and is derived from the word opificina, later officina, meaning a workshop or pharmacy. [52], Yellow dye colors can be obtained from the flowers but little color can be obtained from the roots of the plant. It can be found growing in temperate regions of the world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed banks and shores of waterways, and other areas with moist soils. ... Genus. Another recipe using the plant is dandelion flower jam. [37] The seeds remain viable in the seed bank for many years, with one study showing germination after nine years. Subordinate Taxa. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. References: Fernald (1933), Brouillet (2006). Genus Taraxacum F.H. It is estimated that more than 97,000,000 seeds/hectare could be produced yearly by a dense stand of dandelions. [45] The flowers are used to make dandelion wine,[46] the greens are used in salads, the roots have been used to make a coffee substitute (when baked and ground into powder) and the plant was used by Native Americans as a food and medicine. The etymology of Thermopalia taraxaca is essentially “dandelion from the hot, sea-vent hole” (the scientific name of the common dandelion flower is Taraxacum officinale). The silky pappi, which form the parachutes, are white to silver-white in color and around 6 mm wide. The scientific name of Dandelion is Taraxacum while its common name is Dandelion. "The Names of Plants". Top Answer. dandelion; Other Scientific Names. Its blooms resemble some of the species of Sonchus, but are larger. Wigg. Links. The taxonomy of this genus has been complicated by the recognition of numerous species, subspecies and microspecies. Our commitment to Equality, Diversity & Inclusion (EDI), Different types of protected wildlife sites. – common dandelion P: Subspecies Taraxacum officinale F.H. The plants introduced to North America are triploids that reproduce by obligate gametophytic apomixis Some authorities recogni… The first group reproduces sexually, as do most seed plants. Allergenicity: No allergy has been reported for Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) species. [26], The second group consists of polyploid (mostly triploid) apomicts, meaning that both a viable embryo as well as a functional endosperm is formed without prior fertilization. Two species, T. officinale and T. erythrospermum, are found as weeds worldwide. Also see Dandelion … Origin. – See more at: How to Grow and Care for Dandelion. The Common Dandelion is common and widespread throughout the UK, Ireland a much of Europe. Native … BACK TO genus Taraxacum PLANTOPEDIA: Browse flowering plants by Scientific Name, Common Name, Genus, Family or Origin [41], While not in bloom, this species is sometimes confused with others, such as Chondrilla juncea, that have similar basal rosettes of foliage. Some taxonomists have divided up the genus Taraxacum into many different species based upon small distinctions, but in this key a smaller number of species is recognized. What is the scientific name for the dandelion? See also List of Lepidoptera that feed on dandelions. [42] Another plant, sometimes referred to as fall dandelion, is very similar to dandelion, but produces "yellow fields" later. Taraxacum californicum. Taraxacum F.H. For example, Rothmaler's flora of Germany recognizes roughly 70 microspecies. – dandelion P: Species Taraxacum officinale F.H. [14] The taxonomy of this genus has been complicated by the recognition of numerous species,[17] subspecies and microspecies. Wigg. Taraxacum officinale F.H. Dandelion flowers can be used to make dandelion wine, for which there are many recipes. Native to Europe, it has spread nearly worldwide. 117. Raw leaves have a slightly bitter taste. [54] It may be related to the Greek word ταρασσω (tarasso) meaning to disturb. Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower being visited by a flying insect (species unknown). (1998) found that taraxalisin hydrolyzes a chromogenic peptide substrate Glp-Ala-Ala-Leu-pNA optimally at pH 8.0. dandelion. The plants introduced to North America are triploids that reproduce by obligate gametophytic apomixis[14][19] Some authorities recognize three subspecies of Taraxacum officinale including:[20][21], Two of them have been introduced and established in Alaska and the third (ssp. They are probably closest in character to mustard greens. Description. Scientific Name: Taraxacum officinale . ceratophorum (Ledeb.) The taproot can be boiled and eaten or dried and ground as a base for a hot drink. Dandelion and burdock is a soft drink that has long been popular in the United Kingdom. Comments: There are about 2500 species of Dandelion but species delimitations for Australia are unclear. [44], While the dandelion is considered a weed by most gardeners and especially lawn owners, the plant has several culinary uses. – common dandelion. The plants are adaptable to most soils and the seeds are not dependent on cold temperatures before they will germinate but they need to be within the top 2.5 cm (1 in) of soil.[25]. The leaf margins are typically shallowly lobed to deeply lobed and often lacerate or toothed with sharp or dull teeth.[11]. The yellow flower heads lack receptacle bracts and all the flowers, which are called florets, are ligulate and bisexual. [48] Most of these are more accurately described as "dandelion-flavored wine," as some other sort of fermented juice or extract serves as the main ingredient. Dandelion is native to Europe but found throughout temperate regions in the Northern Hemisphere. [39][40] Honey bees have not been shown to lower their pollination activity on nearby fruit crops when foraging on dandelions. Comments: There are about 2500 species of Dandelion but species delimitations for Australia are unclear. Gibbons, E. Stalking the Wild Asparagus. [26], Taraxacum officinale has many English common names (some of which are no longer in use), including blowball, lion's-tooth, cankerwort, milk-witch, yellow-gowan, Irish daisy, monks-head, priest's-crown and puff-ball;[27] other common names include, faceclock, pee-a-bed, wet-a-bed,[28] swine's snout,[29] white endive, and wild endive. Type (biology) - Wikipedia Tap-root plants like dandelions break up dense soil and bring nutrients from below a tomato plant's reach, possibly benefiting their companion. PLEASE NOTE: A coloured Province or State means this species occurs somewhere in that Province/State. [31] The common name dandelion comes from the French dent de lion, or "lion's tooth", in reference to the plant's jagged-edged leaves. Taraxacum officinale grows from generally unbranched taproots and produces one to more than ten stems that are typically 5–40 cm (2.0–15.7 in) tall, but sometimes up to 70 cm (28 in) tall. [36], The dandelion is a common colonizer of disturbed habitats, both from wind blown seeds and seed germination from the seed bank. [31], Taraxacum officinale is native to Europe and Asia,[32] and was originally imported to America as a food crop. Ground roasted dandelion root can be used as a non-caffeinated coffee substitute. It should be noted that there are at least fifteen known species of rhodaliid siphonophores. The phrase refers to … The common name dandelion from French dent-de-lion, meaning Taraxacum officinale technically also gets called dandelion (and common dandelion) in addition to the genus as a whole. [38] When released, the seeds can be spread by the wind up to several hundred meters from their source. [51], Dandelion has been used in traditional medicine in Europe, North America, and China. List of Lepidoptera that feed on dandelions, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/202994/2758459, "Tropicos - Name - !Taraxacum officinale F.H. In contrast to the sexual diploids, the pairing of chromosomes at metaphase I in triploid apomicts is strongly reduced. Dandelion. Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the PLANTS Classification Report. Scientific name: Taraxacum officinale. The entire Province/State is coloured, regardless of where in that Province/State it occurs. These scientific names are the combination of two terms: the genus and the species. Common dandelion. [18] [6][7][8][9] The name "blowball" has also been used.[10]. Taraxacum officinale L. (dandelion) is a vigorous weed in Europe with diploid sexual populations in the southern regions and partially overlapping populations of diploid sexuals and triploid or tetraploid apomicts in the central and northern regions. Schinz ex Thell. Take a look at Dandelion family classification in the upcoming sections. ssp. [33] It is now naturalized throughout North America, southern Africa, South America, New Zealand, Australia, and India. ceratophorum) is native there.[25]. – dandelion. Also, the seeds are very easy to collect and process for birdseed. Called the red-seeded dandelion (T. erythrospermum), it, too, was introduced long ago from Europe. The current genus name Taraxacum derives possibly from the Arabic Tharakhchakon,[11] or from the Greek Tarraxos. [50], T. officinale's diuretic properties have been well described, with the leaves of this plant having been used for this purpose in traditional Chinese medicine for approximately 2,000 years, with other regions of the world using the plant in the same way; in French, a common name for T. officinale is pissenlit, 'a colorful description of its diuretic activity.' The Plants Database includes the following 2 subspecies of Taraxacum officinale . Taraxacum. The stems can be tinted purplish, they are upright or lax, and produce flower heads that are held as tall or taller than the foliage. [49] It has also been used in a saison ale called Pissenlit (the French word for dandelion, literally meaning "wet the bed") made by Brasserie Fantôme in Belgium. The common dandelion is well known for its yellow flower heads that turn into round balls of silver-tufted fruits that disperse in the wind. The scientific name of the common dandelion is Taraxacum officinale. The common name dandelion comes from the French 'dent de lion' which translates to "lion's tooth" referring to the deep green leaves that are toothed. It occurs in all 50 states of the US and most Canadian provinces. Gledhill, David (2008). They are native to Eurasia and North America, and two species, T. officinale and T. erythrospermum, are found as weeds worldwide. Wigg. Post navigation ← Previous News And Events Posted on December 2, 2020 by [53], Taraxacum is derived from the Arabic word tarakhshagog (or tarakhshaqūn) for a bitter herb. dandelion [Eng. Even though dandelion pollen is of poor nutritional quality for honey bees, they readily consume it, and it can be an important source of nutritional diversity in heavily managed monocultures such as that of blueberries. Plants have milky latex and the leaves are all basal; each flowering stem lacks bracts and has one single flower head. The dandelion’s name comes from the French phrase “dent de lion”, which means "lion's tooth". Common dandelion is the familiar weed of lawns and roadsides. The 14–25 mm (0.55–0.98 in) wide involucres are green to dark green or brownish-green, with the tips dark gray or purplish. The Wildlife Trusts is a movement made up of 46 Wildlife Trusts: independent charities with a shared mission. Posted by December 12, 2020 Leave a comment on dandelion species name December 12, 2020 Leave a comment on dandelion species name The plant has bright yellow flowers that are made of many tiny florets. The lanceolate shaped bractlets are in two series, with the apices acuminate in shape. vulgare (Lam.) The foliage may be upright-growing or horizontally spreading; the leaves have petioles that are either unwinged or narrowly winged. Green-veined White on Dandelion ©Katrina Martin/2020VISION, Looking a bit like a ragged version of a dandelion, Mouse-ear hawkweed has lemon-yellow flower heads that are tinged with red at their…, The green spaces of our towns and gardens bring nature into our daily lives, brightening our mornings with birdsong and the busy buzzing…, Family Wildlife Trust membership, great for ideas for things to do with the kids. Genus. Usually the young leaves and unopened buds are eaten raw in salads, while older leaves are cooked. It is often thought of as a 'weed' of grassy places. The seeded dandelion head is an incredible efficient means of population. [34], T. officinale can serve as an indicator plant for soil potassium and calcium, as the plant favours soils deficient in the latter but rich in the former. Counting down the clock as you blow the fluffy seeds from the head of a Common Dandelion is a familiar game to each and every one of us. [43], T. officinale has a fossil record that goes back to glacial and interglacial times in Europe. The Flora of Victoria (1994) list two Australian native species (Native Dandelion – T. cygnorum from the far south-west and Mountain Dandelion – T. aristum from the subalpine ranges) and one species group, one unnamed species and four sections containing the introduced species. In April they almost dominate the landscape. For example, Rothmaler's flora of Germany recognizes roughly 70 microspecies. Scientific Name for Dandelion? [35] It is also an important weed in agriculture and causes significant economic damage because of its infestation in many crops worldwide. Plants typically have 24 or 40 pairs of chromosomes, while some have 16 or 32 pairs. T. officinale is food for the caterpillars of several Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), such as the tortrix moth Celypha rufana. dandelion species name. For example, the common dandelion is a controversial taxon: some botanists consider it to consist of over a hundred species, and others regard it as a single species. The monofloral dandelion honey is derived from the nectar of flowers in the genus Taraxacum. The common dandelion is a most familiar flower: counting down the 'clock', while blowing the fluffy seeds from its head, is a favourite childhood game. Wigg", "Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund — The Plant List", "Definition of "blowball" - Collins English Dictionary", "dandelion clock - Definition from Longman English Dictionary Online", "Clock dictionary definition - clock defined", "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers", "Taraxacum officinale in Flora of North America @", "Ecological and evolutionary opportunities of apomixis: insights from, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, "ITIS Standard Report Page: Taraxacum officinale", "PLANTS Profile for Taraxacum officinale ssp. Whether it goes by the name dandelion, cankerwort, puffball or lion's tooth, the hundreds of plants in the genus Taraxacum typically have a bad reputation with gardeners. Species. Genus: Taraxacum. The origin of the species name taraxacum is less clear. Broadleaf perennial weed, fast-spreading, generally spread by seed, but once established are not affected by pre-emergent herbicides. It has a rosette of leaves at the base of the plant; a deep taproot; a smooth, hollow stem; and a solitary yellow flower head composed only of … The leaves are high in beta-carotene, vitamin C and iron. Subordinate Taxa. T. officinale is considered a weed, especially in lawns and along roadsides, but it is sometimes used as a medical herb and in food preparation. This group consists of dandelions that have a diploid set of chromosomes, and are sexually self-incompatible. Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae – Aster family. Wigg. There are many myths and mysteries about dandelions, including the belief that picking them will cause incontinence. ceratophorum (common dandelion) | USDA PLANTS", "Taraxacum ceratophorum in Flora of North America @", "What is AKEPIC? [56] Rudenskaya et al. Range map for Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). David McKay, New York. The leaves (called dandelion greens) can be eaten cooked or raw in various forms, such as in soup or salad. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Cambridge University Press. Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers", "Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion)", "The Diuretic Effect in Human Subjects of an Extract of Taraxacum officinale Folium over a Single Day", "Taraxalisin -- a serine proteinase from dandelion Taraxacum officinale Webb s.l", Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taraxacum_officinale&oldid=994855960, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 21:59.